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Ip Address-Ip stands for internet protocol.

   It is a logical and unique address of a system (NIC), in a network . which is use for uniquely identify a         system in the network.

It is a logical and unique address of a system in the network by which two or more systems can communicate to each other within the network .

1) Public ip address

2) Private ip address.

1) Public ip address- For the public ip address  we have to pay to ISP (Internet service provider) to buy the ip address . With the help of public ip we can access internet (Web) .

2) Private ip address- For the private ip address we don’t have to pay to anyone but by the private ip we  cannot access internet.

The first ever LAN was introduced in 1969 by ARPA in USA for DOD named as ARPANET.

ARPA- Advance research and project agency.

DOD- Department of defence . 

  1) Internet protocol version-4 (IPV-4)

  2) Internet protocol version 6 (IPV-6)

  1) Internet protocol version-4 (IPV-4) – It is a 32 bit dotted decimal address. These 32 bit are divided into 4 equal parts and every part is called an Octate.

    Total number of Ip address in IPV-4 =2³² – 4.3 Billion.

  2) Internet protocol version 6 (IPV-6)- It is a 128 bit hexadecimal address. Those 128 bit are divided into 8 equal parts and every part is called a field or block.

     Total digit {0-9 , A to F}

     These 8 blocks are separated by sign (:)

     Example- AA00:2A00:A100:2ABC:112A:0000:2BCA:001C

     Total number of Ip address in ipv-6= 2¹²⁸

 

     Connected pc in the network is called host or node.

     Connected pc in the network with Ip address is called Host.

     Ip address is a combination of Network bit + Host bit.

1) IPV-4   1 Octat = 8 bit 

maximum value of an octate in binary-

 1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1  

In decimal –

=2⁷ + 2⁶ +  2⁵ +2 ⁴ + 2³ + 2² + 2 ¹ +2⁰

= 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1

 = 255 

Using formula-  n⁰ = 1

Minimum value of an Octate in Binary - 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0

In decimal  = 0⁷+ 0⁶ + 0⁵ +0 ⁴ + 0³ + 0² + 0¹ + 0⁰ =0

Standard value of an Octate – 0-255 = 256

Range- The value of the first Octate is called Range.

Class- These 256 Ranges divided into 5 parts according to it’s use and every part is called a Class.

A subnet mask is a 32 bit logical value. Which show that in a given Ip address how many number of network bit and how many number of host bits are available.

IETF – Internet engineering task force

IANA- Internet assigned number authority

ICANN – Internet corporation for assigned network number

RIR – Regional internet registry

ISP- Internet service provider

1. Unicasting - One to one communication

2. Multicating - One to group communication

3. Broadcasting - One to all communication.

If you want to communicate multiple systems by the help of Ip address without any L-3 device (Router) 

1.The Class of Ip address between the systems must be same.

2. The Range must be same.

3. The network must be same.

Class A - 10.0.0.0 {10.0.0.1 to 10.255.255.254}

Class B - 172.16.0.1 to 172.31.255.254

Class C - 192.1.0.1 to 192.255.255.254

1. 0.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx – Network can never be off or 0 

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